Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and Section 504 Plans both aim to support students with disabilities, but they differ in the services they provide. Both are developed collaboratively by a team that typically includes parents, teachers, and school specialists to address the student’s unique needs. Section 504 Plans and Individualized Education Programs are considered to be a tier 3 support for students.
What Is an IEP?
An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a plan developed under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It is specifically designed for students who require specialized instruction provided by trained educators, along with any related services the school can offer. IEPs also include accommodations to support students in the classroom or across the school environment.
Features of an IEP:
- Eligibility: To qualify for an IEP, a student must undergo a formal evaluation conducted by the school. The student must have one of 13 specific disabilities (e.g., autism, learning disabilities, emotional disturbances) that significantly impact their ability to access the general education curriculum.
- Components: An IEP outlines the services the student will receive by special educators and/or specialized staff members, specific and measurable goals, and any accommodations to support the student’s learning.
- Focus: The primary goal is to provide a tailored educational program that ensures access to the curriculum through specialized instruction and supports.
What Is a 504 Plan?
A Section 504 Plan outlines how a school will provide accommodations to support a student with a disability under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. It ensures that students with disabilities can access the classroom and broader school environment by providing unique accommodations to the student.
Features of a 504 Plan:
- Eligibility: Students with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities (e.g., learning, walking, concentrating) are eligible for a 504 Plan.
- Components: A 504 Plan specifies accommodations and environmental modifications, such as extended test time or preferential seating, to help the student succeed.
- Focus: The aim is to remove barriers to learning by providing accommodations to a student in order to ensure equal access to educational opportunities.
How to Determine Which Plan Is Right for Your Student
When deciding between an IEP and a 504 Plan, consider these factors:
- Nature of the Disability: An IEP is best suited for students requiring specialized instruction, while a 504 Plan is appropriate for students who need accommodations within the general education curriculum.
- Level of Support Needed: If your child requires targeted, intensive interventions or therapy services (e.g., speech or occupational therapy), an IEP may be the better option.
- Educational Impact: If the disability significantly affects academic performance and necessitates adjustments in instruction, an IEP is likely necessary. If the main challenge is access (e.g., mobility or attention difficulties), a 504 Plan may suffice.
Examples of Differences in Scenarios
- IEP Example: A student with dyslexia who struggles with reading and falls below grade level may receive specialized instruction, small group interventions, and assistive technology under an IEP.
- 504 Plan Example: A student with ADHD might receive accommodations such as movement breaks, extended test time, or a quiet testing environment under a 504 Plan.